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Applications
Mental practice applications across rehabilitation, skill acquisition, sports performance, age considerations, and specialised domains—from clinical settings to elite athletics.
Stroke
Motor imagery and action observation protocols for upper limb, lower limb, and functional recovery post stroke.
Dosage evidence and scope
These schedules summarise stroke rehabilitation studies reviewed for the Mental Practice Variants model. They describe research protocols, not an established optimal dose. They should not be assumed to apply to children, athletes, people with Parkinson’s, or older adults without stroke.
Dosage
Session Duration
- Stroke trials used sessions lasting 10–90 minutes, most often around 30–60 minutes. Observation of each action lasted 1–10 minutes; this is distinct from the full session.
Frequency
- Most stroke trials used 3–5 sessions per week.
Programme Duration
- Programmes ranged from 1 day to 8 weeks, with most lasting 3–6 weeks.
Dosage
Session Duration
- Combined AO+MI stroke trials used sessions lasting 20–40 minutes, most commonly around 30 minutes. The manuscript does not establish a separate duration for alternating AO+MI.
Frequency
- Combined AO+MI stroke trials used 3–5 sessions per week. This range covers both alternating and synchronous formats.
Programme Duration
- Combined AO+MI programmes lasted 3–10 weeks, commonly at least 4–5 weeks. No separate optimal programme length is established for alternating AO+MI.
Dosage
Session Duration
- Combined AO+MI stroke trials used sessions lasting 20–40 minutes, most commonly around 30 minutes. The manuscript does not establish a separate duration for synchronous AO+MI.
Frequency
- Combined AO+MI stroke trials used 3–5 sessions per week. This range covers both alternating and synchronous formats.
Programme Duration
- Combined AO+MI programmes lasted 3–10 weeks, commonly at least 4–5 weeks. No separate optimal programme length is established for synchronous AO+MI.
Dosage
Session Duration
- The manuscript reports 30–60 minutes per session most frequently in stroke studies. Its wider range is 10–90 minutes per day, which should not be interpreted as a consistent per-session range.
Frequency
- Many stroke trials used 3–5 sessions per week, although frequency was not always reported.
Programme Duration
- Programmes ranged from 1 day to 8 weeks, with most lasting 4–6 weeks. The optimal dose and schedule remain uncertain.
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